ПРОБЛЕМИ АГРАРНОГО БІЗНЕСУ ПІД ЧАС ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Abstract

In recent years, Ukraine's agribusiness has been actively developing as a system of economic integration of various enterprises whose effective work is interdependent and mutually beneficial. The agricultural complex of Ukraine is important both for ensuring its own food safety and for providing other countries with agricultural products. The specificity of agribusiness is that all works must be carried out on time, even in wartime they cannot be postponed, so as not to cause a food crisis next year. Fullscale invasion of Russian troops in Ukraine, almost coincided with sowing and caused agrarians a lot of additional problems. The author is characterized by the following groups: territory, equipment, fuel, human resources, agrochemistry, logistics violations. Affected areas of farmland, on the front line most of the fields were replaced, which resulted in a decrease in crops, the uncertainty of farmers in their preservation. Military actions were caused by redistribution of labor, rise in price and lack of fuel, difficulties with the supply of seeds, agrochemicals, etc. Detailed attention is paid to the logistics of grain exports, because at the time of writing of the article this aspect worried most civilized society. Agrarians faced a great threat of loss of last year's grain harvest, due to the bombardment of elevators and storages, the theft of grain ports from the occupied by the occupiers and, most importantly, the blocking the ports of Odessa and the Black Sea, which housed large stocks of grain intended for export. Already, most governments are notifying about the danger of interruptions in grain supplies, their reserves are running out, and Ukraine cannot receive its currency revenue from exports and invest it in further development. Ukraine, considering alternative logistics routes for grain exports: by land, by railway, through the Danube, has received the support of the EU countries. Diversification of alternative destinations has already allowed the first cargoes to be shipped through the Romanian port of Constanta. EU support is currently expressed in the "Ways of Solidarity" action plan. However, like most experts, the author agrees that the available volumes can be exported only when demining and providing a "green corridor" from the Odessa port with foreign warships. Areas of further research are covered.