ПРАВОВИЙ СТАТУС ІНОЗЕМНИХ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ КОРАБЛІВ ЯК ЕКОЛОГІЧНО НЕБЕЗПЕЧНИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ

Abstract

The article describes the practical experience of the NATO Navy’s environmental activities in the protection of marine ecosystems. The article uses publications on the protection of marine ecosystems, the ecological status of the Black and Azov Seas and environmental control. The physical and geographical characteristics of the Black Sea and the ecological conditions of the Azov-Black Sea are described. Data from the ecological monitoring of the Azov-Black Sea region indicate a severe ecological crisis in the region, which is characterized by excessive development of unicellular algae, death of fish and dolphins. The intensification of the ecological crisis coincided with the beginning of the militarization of the Azov-Black Sea region. The presence of foreign warships will further intensify the environmental crisis in the Black Sea. There is a need for legislative regulation of the naval activities of NATO countries in the territorial and internal waters of Ukraine. Today, the current legislation of Ukraine requires to determine the normative nature of navigation and stay of foreign warships in the territorial and internal waters of Ukraine, to determine recommended courses or sea corridors for foreign warships, to establish areas where military presence and military exercises are prohibited. The environmental legislation of Ukraine should provide rules for environmental safety in the operation of foreign warships, rules for storage and disposal of waste, rules for the destruction of ammunition that has not been used, defines the procedure for compensation for environmental damage from naval activities. So far, these issues have not been regulated by law. The method of calculating damage from foreign warships has not been created or put into effect. In the long run, it is necessary to conduct ecological studies of the North-Western part of the Black Sea to determine the areas closed to naval activities. Keywords: warship, Black Sea, marine ecosystem, maritime law, naval forces, high seas.