МНОГОФАКТОРНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОЦЕНКИ ЭКОЛОГИЧНОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ РЕГИОНА

Abstract

One of the most important problems in the socio-economic development of regions is ensuring the proper quality of growth. As a rule, economic growth implies an increase in the intensity of resource consumption, which contributes to increased anthropogenic impact on the environment, deterioration of living conditions, threats to public health and a decrease in social security. Using the example of subjects of the Volga Federal District, the article examines the impact of economic growth on environmental factors, assessing, among other things, the relationship between the state of the environment and the incidence of disease in the population. Various approaches are used for cross-regional comparisons of environmental conditions. The index of environmental well-being, built on the basis of a three-factor model, is considered as the main characteristic. On the basis of this index, an index of environmental efficiency of the regional economy is formed, which is defined as the level of environmental well-being for a single output of the regional economy. The multifactor model showed that if environmental efficiency is maintained in a growing economy, then the level of environmental well-being will decline at a faster rate than the rate of economic growth. To maintain environmental well-being in conditions of economic growth, it is necessary that the average increase in environmental well-being for each factor is not lower than the rate of economic growth. For single-factor models, the relative increase in environmental efficiency actually corresponds to the decoupling index, but for multi-factor models this relationship weakens with economic growth, especially as the model dimension increases. In general, as the ecological efficiency of the economy increases, a positive decoupling effect is observed. A study of the Volga Federal District regions showed that the greatest environmental efficiency in recent years has been observed in the Republic of Mordovia and the Perm Territory. And in the Chuvash Republic and the Saratov region, environmental efficiency remains significantly below the base period of 2010-2014.