Система диагностики, наблюдения и лечения недоношенных детей

Abstract

Purpose. Тo analyze of the effectiveness of the monitoring and treatment of premature babies. Material and methods. From 2012 to 2020 we observed 2113 preterm infants. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was revealed in 731 cases (34.59%), 29 of them with aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP) (3.97%). 199 patients (27.22%) had indications for laser coagulation of the retina (LCR); repeated interventions were performed in 23 cases (11.56%). In 173 case (86.94%), an induced regression of the disease occurred. An unfavorable outcome of ROP was diagnosed in 26 cases (13.06%). 258 children with a cicatricial phase of ROP were dynamic observed. Results and conclusions. The effectiveness of LCR at the threshold stage has reached at 94.78%. Regression in type-I occurred in 89.09%. In cases of AP-ROP, the efficiency of LCR was 51.72%. The total number of children with terminal stages was 106 people (14.5%). In the cicatricial period of 258 people, 134 revealed ametropia, secondary glaucoma in 7 patients, complicated cataract in 6 and strabismus in 35. Timely diagnostics and monitoring reveals early signs of ROP and laser treatment. These activities minimize risk of disability from blindness and low vision. An insignificant number of LCR performed, a small number of patients with terminal stages of ROP indicates the high efficiency of modern conditions for nursing premature babies. Functional results depend on the degree of residual changes, refractive pathology and strabismus. Correction of ametropia, functional treatment, strabismus surgery in the preschool period, allow to develop and maintain visual function in the most of patients in the cicatricial phase of ROP. Key words: retinopathy of prematurity, laser coagulation of the retina, aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity.