СУТНІСТЬ ПОНЯТТЯ КОЛАБОРАЦІОНІЗМ ТА ЙОГО ОСНОВНІ ОЗНАКИ

Abstract

The article examines the concept of collaborationism, its main features and types. The issues of collaboration in modern Ukraine are especially relevant referring to the ongoing occupation of part of the sovereign territory, which is connected with the beginning of the Russian war against the Ukraine. Collaborationism is defined in modern science as a complex and ambiguous socio-political phenomenon that arises as a result of interaction between subjects of the communication process and enemies, or occupiers. The work identifies international legal acts that reveal the phenomenon of collaborationism; it is shown that some of them were developed even before World War I. Today, there is an agreed position of the EU countries on collaborationism, which is presented in many modern documents. Collaborationism is shown as a complex and ambiguous psychosocial and ethical phenomenon arising from the interaction between subjects of the communication process (individuals, certain political organizations and participants). The paper specifies that collaboration should be interpreted as voluntary or forced cooperation with the enemy in all spheres of life, in particular political, military, economic, socio-cultural, household, etc. It is concluded that the modern concept of collaborationism includes certain forms of treasonous cooperation of the population with the occupying power, its representatives, and the aggressor state through various actions in the military, economic, political and other spheres of life. The common goal of collaborative activities is to cause great damage to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of own state. Modern researchers specify collaborationism, which involves the presence of a political agreement with the occupier, "cooperation" with the occupiers in civilian territories, as well as "joint warfare" on the side of the invader. Key words: collaborationism, collaborator, types of collaborationism, criteria for the classification of collaborationism.