고대일본어의 [자동사+ラレル]형 표현의 용법에 대해서

Abstract

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the use of the spontaneous (Jihatsu), passive, and potential forms in the old Japanese intransitive ‘rareuru’ verb type. This study asks the question, ‘Is there a distinction between the use of the spontaneous form in the rareuru type predicate and in the meaning of the active sentence in the non-volitional intransitive verb when it comes to spontaneous use?’ Additionally it addresses, whether the use of the passive form in old Japanese also recognizes the meaning of the adversative. Finally it addresses the research question, ‘are the semantic properties of expressions of potential being used in a way that are potentiality and not potentiality different?’ As a result, this study finds the following. First, from the viewpoint of the narrator, the active sentence of the non-volitional intransitive verb depicts the movement caused by external factors. The rareuru-type predicate states that the agent's action results from its own will. The term “adversative passive” is acknowledged in old Japanese, and its meaning depends on the context rather than on the form of the intransitive verb in the passive sentence. The majority of “potential” usage is biased toward “non-potentiality,” which means that regardless of the subject's intention or anticipation, the circumstance does not materialize. In contrast, the “potential” denotes that the circumstance has already occurred. The agent has the property that it is regarded as the meaning of the “potential” even though there is no purpose to carry out the action.