ЕФЕКТ «БИЧАЧОГО БАТОГА» В ЛОГІСТИЧНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Abstract

This article is devoted to the development of international logistical activities, examination and prevention negative factors on any links of logistic chain. The important requirements to obtain maximum efficiency at all components of the logistic chain with minimal costs in each of its items, compliance with market interests and goals of each participant of logistic chain are considered. The simulated model has proved that the farther on logistic chain the information flow passes from consumer the more distorted information about the necessary stocks of products and real stocks in warehouse, and as a result – the extraordinary accumulation of mistakes in the forms of surplus of goods at all stages of its movement from producer to consumer. The similar phenomenon in logistics is called the effect of "The Bullwhip Effect". The method of practical analysis of the "bullwhip" effect was used in order to investigate resistance to this effect on the situation were simulated in «BEER GAME». The simulation method “BEER GAME” is the result of the work of the consulting system MA system, which works in the field of business logistics around the world. Four parts of the logistics chain took part in the simulation: a retailer, a distributor, a wholesaler and a manufacturer. They make a logistics chain 52 weeks long. The overall results of the game are presented in detail: the total cost of the simulated game, and manufacturer's game statistics, the statistics of game such as costs, orders and information of warehouse stock in terms of retailer, distributor and wholesaler. Furthermore, the article highlights other destabilizing effects that are closely related to the "bullwhip" effect, such as: the Forrester effect - a phenomenon in the sales channel, which predicts the inefficiency of the logistics chain; the Burbage effect - when the size of supplies can change in the direction of increase without managerial decisions; the Halligan effect - when there is a deviation from the existing supply and production plan; promotion effect - implicit price changes. On the basis of the conducted modeling and consideration of the reasons of occurrence of effect methods of stabilization of a logistic chain are offered.