ГЕНЕЗИС ТА ПЕРІОДИЗАЦІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ФОНДІВ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО СТРАХУВАННЯ

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The article analyzes the work of modern scientists regarding the genesis and periodization of the development of social insurance funds in foreign countries and Ukraine. A significant contribution to the development of the modern social insurance system was made by Lord William Beveridge of Great Britain, who in 1942 justified the social security of citizens in a report on the topic of Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services. Hence, social security was based on national solidarity and a guaranteed minimum income for all. As the analysis of foreign experience shows, today, in the economically developed countries of Europe, an effective system of social insurance has been formed, which generally satisfies the basic needs of its citizens. The common and distinctive features of the periodization of the stages of the development of social insurance funds are determined. It was established that the processes of social assistance, social support, social protection, and social insurance were formed practically in parallel in different countries of the world, although they had different periods of development, social and financial differences. The classification of the periods of origin and development of social insurance funds in Ukraine has been developed and supplemented. The proposed classification fully covers the main milestones of the birth and formation of social insurance and differs from others as follows: qualitative changes in social insurance at specific stages are taken into account; the boundaries of the stages are substantiated with a corresponding presentation of historically confirmed facts; the views of scientists regarding the characteristics of individual stages are analyzed and summarized. Conclusions were made about the need to optimize social insurance funds and introduce additional levels of insurance, in particular, accumulative pension insurance (security). It is important to study the genesis of the development of social insurance funds, as today’s requirements indicate that the system of social insurance funds needs to be improved and supplemented with voluntary insurance. In particular, in our opinion, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the existing social insurance funds at the expense of funds that operate on a commercial basis.