Эпидемиологические аспекты заболеваемости туберкулезом в Российской Федерации

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects, among other things, the lungs, and is a serious public health problem worldwide. It is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases. AIM: Epidemiological analysis of morbidity with tuberculosis in the Russian Federation (RF) for 2000–2001. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The report forms No. 8 ‘Information on Morbidity with Active Tuberculosis’, No. 33 ‘Information on Patients with Tuberculosis’, national reports ‘On the State of Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population in the Russian Federation’, the data from the Federal Center for monitoring measures to counteract proliferation of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation, were used. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the morbidity of RF population with tuberculosis for the period from 2000 to 2021 was carried out. Statistical data processing was performed using the free R computing environment (version 4.1.2) and MS Excel 2019 software package in Windows 11. RESULTS: Tuberculosis holds leading positions in the structures of morbidity, mortality, and economic damage from chronic infectious diseases. The long-term average annual morbidity rate was 67.4 per 100 thousand population; a decrease in morbidity is noted (Tav.gr. = -2.1%). According to the results of the analysis, groups at risk of contagion with tuberculosis were identified (by age, gender, social status, place of residence). High levels of tuberculosis incidence were noted in the Siberian (96.4 per 100 thousand) and Far Eastern (98.8 per 100 thousand) federal districts. An inverse correlation was found between the morbidity of the population and preventive fluorographic examinations. CONCLUSION: Over the past 22 years (2000–2021), there has been an improvement in the epidemiological situation for tuberculosis in the Russian Federation: morbidity decreased by 66% and has a moderate downward trend at an average rate of 2.1% per year, the prevalence decreased by 68%, mortality — by 74%. Despite this, tuberculosis is proliferating among the active, able-bodied population (risk group 35–44 years of age). The disease twice more often affects men compared to women. An increase in the coverage of the population with preventive examinations for tuberculosis (more than 65%) will help reduce the incidence of this infection.