Нейротрофический фактор головного мозга как потенциальный биомаркер неврологических нарушений у недоношенных детей

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a polypeptide homodimer involved in the processes of differentiation and development of brain neurons, regulation of neurogenesis, suppression of apoptosis, remodeling of hypoxically damaged neurons, inhibition of neurotoxic processes. Prematurity is known to be associated with enhanced morbidity and mortality, and the outcomes of this condition are influenced by both antenatal and postnatal factors. The infants born at 29–35 gestation weeks have reduced amount of the gray and white matter of cerebral cortex in the full-term equivalent, which affects further development of the nervous system. Currently, little data exist on the BDNF level in the critical period of neuron growth, especially in premature infants. That is why this review analyzes and generalizes the information from the domestic and international publications of the last 5 years devoted to investigation of the structure and role of the brain derived neurotrophic factor in the formation of cognitive abilities in premature newborns, and also the possibility of using BDNF as a potential etiological factor of complications associated with prematurity. CONCLUSION: Further long-term studies are needed to assess the level of BDNF in the blood of newborn children as a potential biomarker of neurological disorders with the further possibility of using them in clinical practice.