Abstract
Goal. To substantiate the biological and chemical properties, production technology, and economic efficiency of a new promising variety of tobacco Berlei 46 with high resistance to biotic and abiotic factors and good quality of raw materials. Methods. General scientific and special: field, laboratory, selection with the use of induction apomixis, calculation, mathematical-statistical. Laboratory method was used for the determination of the chemical composition of raw tobacco. Apomixis was used in the selection of tobacco and helped to reduce that process on 4–6 years, secured heterosis, identified new and rare micro-features in tobacco, as well as the use of mutants with valuable features in form of the valuable source material. Use of the calculation and mathematical-statistical methods determined economic efficiency of cultivation of new varieties of tobacco Berlei 46 and its advantages over the sort-standard Berlei 38, listed in the State register of plant varieties of Ukraine in 2001. Results. They substantiated biometric, chemical, and economic indices of the new high-yielding variety of tobacco Berlei 46, which was selected by the method of individual selection in populations of intervarietal hybrids Berlei Polish x Banat. Conclusions. A new promising variety of tobacco Berlei 46, listed in the State register of plant varieties of Ukraine in 2017, has significant advantages for biological and productive signs over other varieties (resistant against diseases and pests, stressful weather conditions, high productivity, and quality of raw materials). The main advantage of the new variety Berlei 46 over sort-standard Berlei 38 is the high productivity — up to 31.6 t/ha, marketable quality of raw material — output of top commercial varieties is 90–95%, and the content of nicotine — 2.01–2.13%. Berlei 46 is recommended for cultivation in tobacco farms of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine.
Highlights
The functioning of the agricultural sector of the economy in market conditions requires new approaches to the scientific support of agricultural production
One of the varieties of tobacco that can provide this type of raw material is a new variety Berley 46, bred by breeders of the Scientific and Technological Department of Tobacco Ternopil State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Feed and Agriculture Podillia NAAS and entered in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine in 2017
The selection of tobacco in the scientific and technological department directed at creation of early and medium-ripe varieties and hybrids with high potential of plants productivity (25-35 kg/ha), that increase resistance to disease, high yield of higher commodity varieties (80-95 %) and the optimal chemical composition of raw materials
Summary
The functioning of the agricultural sector of the economy in market conditions requires new approaches to the scientific support of agricultural production. During the previous years of research, many varieties have created in the Ukrainian Tobacco Research Station, which ceased to meet the requirements of production in terms of productivity and technological quality of raw materials and lost their competitiveness in the tobacco market of Ukraine over time. There is a need to create new varieties and hybrids of tobacco with valuable economic indicators, environmental adaptability, disease resistance and quality chemical composition [1]. The selection of tobacco in the scientific and technological department directed at creation of early and medium-ripe varieties and hybrids with high potential of plants productivity (25-35 kg/ha), that increase resistance to disease, high yield of higher commodity varieties (80-95 %) and the optimal chemical composition of raw materials (nicotine content – 1.2-2.5%, carbohydrates – 5% or more, and low protein content – less than 5%)
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