ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ПІДГОТОВКИ ТА ПРИЙНЯТТЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ

Abstract

The article examines approaches to the study of the management decision-making process and methods of substantiation and management decision-making. Three groups of methods for substantiating and making managerial decisions are distinguished: general scientific – methods of a logical and heuristic nature (observation, experiment, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, collective generation of ideas, expert evaluations, etc.); interscientific – methods that are not comprehensive in nature, but are used to analyze a wide range of objects from various fields of activity (extrapolation, interpolation, mathematical statistics, modeling); specific scientific – methods used for one object or field of knowledge. The stages of building a model of substantiation and making management decisions are defined: setting the task; construction of the model itself; checking the model for probability; the use of the model, that is, the implementation of the model in practice; restoration of the model, which occurs when the original data changes. It is noted that when building any models of management decisions, the following points should be taken into account: decision-making models can only reflect reality to a limited extent due to the huge variety of phenomena and connections of real reality; models must take into account the objective limitations of the decision-maker’s abilities in a wide range of intellectual tasks, first of all, when performing complex operations to transform the received information; models must take into account the personal characteristics of the decision-maker. It is shown that enterprises use various methods to analyze the environment, most of which are based on expert assessments and the execution of a certain sequence of stages. It is noted that statistical, matrix, expert and economic-mathematical methods are used for strategic analysis of the enterprise environment. It is noted that the formation of an enterprise's strategy is a complex process that contains elements of risk and uncertainty and is constantly under the influence of both positive and negative factors of the enterprise's external and internal environment. The main problem of the process of forming an enterprise strategy is the correct selection of the main alternatives, understanding and taking into account the most important factors and conditions affecting this choice.