Природные парки, бальнеологические ресурсы и развитие сельских территорий

Abstract

Introduction. One of the priority directions in the field of environmental protection is the construction of models for the development of the territory designed to combine the interests of nature conservation and sustainable development of territories, including the development of environmentally friendly industries and the dissemination of experience in sustainable environmental management practices. The availability of balneological resources enhances the attractiveness of the territories and can be an additional source of income for the local population. One of the ways to solve these problems is to include them in specially protected natural areas, and this strategy often brings good results and contributes to the "green" growth of the local economy. This is evidenced by numerous examples in Western Europe and North America and, to some extent, this is also the case in Russia. However, experience shows that this does not always meet expectations, and it is not enough to give the territory the status of a park. The purpose of the research. Using the example of the Arey Park in the Trans-Baikal Territory, to identify the reasons for the failures of attempts to use the European experience of natural parks in the eastern regions of Russia as factors for the development of a "green" economy in rural areas. We are considering the experience of creating a nature park in 2013 in order to protect the ecosystem and use the valuable balneological resources of Lake Ares in accordance with the goals of the "green" economy. Research results. The paper shows that, despite some improvements in the state of the coastal ecosystem, the status of specially protected natural areas (protected areas) does not contribute to achieving the originally set goals. Its balneological resources, including therapeutic mud, are used uncontrollably in the shadow sector, which does not guarantee either effective treatment or environmentally safe withdrawal. Similar problems arise for other forms of recreational services when organizing campsites, arranging hotels and food outlets. Therefore, the park practically does not realize its potential either as a driver of the growth of the local economy or for the effective use of balneological. The authors analyze the causes of the processes taking place and also propose a number of measures to involve the natural resources of parks in the local economy in such a way that their use brings economic benefits to the local population, while maintaining high environmental quality.