Методика полевых исследований оползней в Чеченской Республике

Abstract

Introduction. Landslide engineering and geological surveys usually consist of reconnaissance observations and field work to collect the necessary material and information, and their purpose is to document surface conditions in such a way as to provide the necessary basis for subsequent forecasting of conditions and parameters of landslide geomass movement. At the same time, the main task of identifying a landslide is to determine its boundaries on the earth’s surface and other parameters, including the area of the hearth and the displaced geomass. Materials and мethods. Identification of landslides in the field is an integral part of standard geomorphological cartography. At the same time, an important approach to the study of landslides is the methods of geomorphological inventory of landslides, which are direct methods during which, as a rule, the main characteristics of the morphology of landslides, as well as provoking and predisposing factors, are recorded. Results. It has been established that shallow landslides caused by rains, earthquakes and man-made human activity have become quite frequent within the North Caucasus, serving to summarize the data of previous studies. Discussion. There are more than 120 modern active landslides within the Chechen Republic. Mapping of all landslide displacements on the territory of the Chechen Republic was not carried out, only geological surveys were carried out in certain areas and near settlements in order to prevent emergency situations for the infrastructure of settlements and mining facilities. Due to the inaccessibility of the mountainous terrain and the limited possibilities of using satellite images of high destructibility, there is currently no complete information about the spread of ancient and modern landslides in hard-to-reach areas. Conclusion. However, despite the fact that the special literature on landslide hazards is constantly updated with new data, and with increasing complexity, some methodological issues of landslide research remain unresolved. First, despite the frequent use of statistical models of landslide susceptibility, there remains uncertainty about the sampling system of landslide geomass, the resolution applied and the uncertainty of the model used. Secondly, due to the increase in computing power and the availability of specialized software tools, landslide susceptibility models are sometimes used without proper interpretation of the geomorphological reliability of the results. In addition, there are no reliable estimates of landslide susceptibility for many remote regions (especially mountainous ones). Resume: 1. The article presents the results of research on landslides in the Czech Republic. 2. It has been established that shallow landslides caused by rains, earthquakes and man-made human activity have become quite frequent within the North Caucasus, serving to summarize the data of previous studies. It is shown what ground engineering and geological studies of landslide territories consist of. 3. Future research is needed to prevent landslides in the Shatoi district in the village of Gush-Kert (Chechen Republic).