Abstract
The article reveals one of the promising methods of combating antimicrobial resistance in agriculture, medicine, food industry and other fields – endolysins (enzymes of bacteriophages). The history of the origin, discovery, and production of endolysins is displayed. The mechanism of action of endolysins is shown – destruction of the peptidoglycan layer at the end of the lytic cycle of phage reproduction. The results of endolysin studies in recent years have been searched using the Internet resources Scopus, Web of science, Elibrary, Pub Med and others. Analysis of the literature showed that endolysins are divided into 5 groups depending on the cleavable installation in the peptidoglycan – acetylmuramidase, transglycosidase, glucosaminidase, amidase, endopeptidase. The introduction of endolysins is important - intravenous, intraperitoneal, transnasal, transnasal, vaginal. To date, endolysins effective against such pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus equi, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus anthracis and a number of other pathogens have been studied. Thus, the analysis shows that endolysins can be effective tools in the fight against infectious diseases of animals and safe to use.
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