Детективы Агаты Кристи как философия повседневности: постмодернистский анализ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the detective genre as a model of philosophical cognition of the world and a system of cultural values. The goal of the article is to study how the attitude to the detective genre evolved in the academic discussions of the 20th century: transformation of status of the detective from an “entertainment genre” to the object of the philosophical reflection was the result of evolution of the philosophical paradigms from semiotics and postpositivism in the Modern epoch to postmodernism and theories of everyday thinking in the Postmodern epoch. The actuality of the article is due to insufficient study of the epistemology of the detective in the contemporary Cultural studies. The research methods of the article are based on the "archeology of knowledge" by M. Foucault and the cultural-semiotic approaches of R. Barthes and U. Eco. Author argues that although both detectives of A. Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie belong to the intellectual type of detective, they are based on different epistemological images of the world. Author of the article investigates the epistemological paradigms which the base in the detective stories of A. Conan Doyle and in the novels of Agatha Christie. The author analyzes the methodological approaches to the detective genre in the works of the leading theorists of the 20th century, including V. Shklovsky, M. Bakhtin, Z. Krakauer, U. Eco, and others. The author proposes to consider the modern detectives not only as the entertaining genre, but as a way to know various different forms of culture and traditions. The author notices that Finnish philosopher J. Hintikka has created a tradition of using the stories on Sherlock Holmes as an explanatory model of the principles of operation of artificial intelligence systems which goes back to Aristotle's logic. As a rule, the detectives in Agate Christie’s novels represent not formal logic (which prevailed in the stories about Sherlock Holmes), but searches of criminal through intuition, own life experience, knowledge of people and their typical behavior (habitués). Recognition of a criminal or a victim in the novels of Christie occurs through knowing the lifestyle of a person which becomes a source of the formation of his / her “idea”, his motives, desires and disappointments, which lead to certain decisions and actions. There concludes that A. Christie's detectives were based on the ideas of the philosophy of “everyday social thinking” (by A. Schütz) as the epistemological and culturosophical model. The author argues that the detectives of A. Conan Doyle and A. Christie are determined by different philosophical paradigms which represent the different epochs.