ЯВИЩЕ ПЕРЕХІДНОСТІ ЧАСТИН МОВИ У СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ГРАМАТИЦІ

Abstract

All parts of speech belong to a single lexical and grammatical system, but are not closed categories of words – there are certain relationships and close connections between them. These natural relationships are manifested primarily in the transitions and transformations of one part of speech into another. Transients characterize the transformation in the system, the development of language, its life. Without them, the system would freeze, become immobile. In the modern Ukrainian language, as well as in other modern Slavic languages, there are many transitional phenomena. They cover the scope of almost all parts of speech. The problem of transition in the field of parts of speech is one of the most actual in modern linguistics. It originated in the XIX century, but linguists increased attention to it only in the twentieth century. Investigating the process of transition, scientists use different terms to denote it: transition (V. Vinogradov, A. Vostokov, N. Grech, G. Pavsky), transitionity (A. Bednyakov, N. Kalamova, M. Lukin), diachronic transformation (B Migirin, E. Sidorenko), transposition (O. Kim, V. Nikitevych), conversion (O. Smyrnytsky, V. Sobolev). Our research is based on the updated semantic-morphological-syntactic classification of parts of speech of functional-categorical grammar of I. R. Vykhovanets, as well as on productive theoretical ideas, which is the result of generalization of national and world linguistic achievements. Ivan Vykhovanets distinguishes three components of the process of transposition: transposed – the initial source form of the word, transpositor – a means of transition, transposite – a newly formed derivative form of the word, the result of the transition. Depending on the nature of changes in the word, and which transposer participated in the formation of a new word, researchers who support the studies of functional-category grammar, distinguish three main degrees of transposition (syntactic, morphological and semantic). The phenomenon of morphological transposition can be achieved by adding a morpheme or affix (affixation) or changing only the paradigm of the word without formal changes (conversion).