ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The article examines the essence of transport and logistics systems (TLS) of Ukraine. The factors that determine the development vector of Ukraine's TLS in modern conditions of global instability have been identified. Attention is focused on the need to restore and develop the facilities of Ukraine's TLS, even in the conditions of an active phase of military operations, which is due to the strategic importance of TLS for the uninterrupted supply of goods and defense capabilities of the state, the provision of export-import operations and the development of many sectors of the economy. The main challenges and problems that prevent the effective development of the transport and logistics system of Ukraine have been identified and characterized, namely: the destruction of TLS facilities as a result of active hostilities, the low capacity of the transport and logistics system in the border regions of the European Union with Ukraine, the blockade of sea ports, low efficiency in the development of capital investments, lack of financing, insufficient efficiency of management of TLS facilities and imperfection of legal regulation. The reasons for the low capacity of the transport and logistics system in the border regions of the European Union with Ukraine are indicated – strikes by Polish farmers, incompatibility of tracks, low productivity of distribution centers and insufficient technological capacities. Statistical data on the volume of transported goods for the last two years were analyzed and a positive trend was determined regarding the return of transportation to pre-war volumes. A significant reduction in the amount of funding from the State Budget of directions critical for the development of the transport and logistics system of Ukraine is substantiated by comparing the distribution of expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine for 2023 and 2024. Prospective directions for the development of TLS are highlighted – modernization of transport and logistics infrastructure taking into account international and European Union standards, attraction of private investments in financing TLS facilities through their privatization, increase in the capacity of export-import transportation at checkpoints with EU countries, development of river transportation through Danube, development of dry ports, which will increase cargo turnover and reduce the burden on sea ports, adaptation of vehicles and infrastructure to the needs of people with disabilities and groups of the population with reduced mobility, etc.