ТОЧНОСТЬ СПУТНИКОВОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ГЕТЕРОГЕННЫХ УРБАНИЗИРОВАННЫХ УЧАСТКОВ

Abstract

Temperatures in urban areas are always higher than in rural areas, “urban heat islands” noticeably affect the urban climate, which puts the theme under discussion in the category of acute environmental problems. The author suggests a possibility of accurate satellite-based estimation of surface temperature of heterogeneous urbanized areas. The object of the study is surfaces of urbanized areas. The subject of the study is satellite temperature estimation of “urban heat islands”. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate the probability of an accurate satellite assessment of surface temperature of heterogeneous urbanized areas. The realization of the aim involves solving a number of tasks, the main ones of which are: - to reveal the dependence of the depth of the carried out correction of the emissivity variability influence on the measured value of the degree and character of emissivity change from the wavelength; - to consider the emissivity properties of new and old asphalt pavement. The research methodology is presented by the ecological approach and structural-functional approach. The aim of the study and its objectives has determined the need to use the following methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, explanation. The task of increasing the accuracy of remote sensing of heat islands appearing in urbanized areas by taking into account the emissivity index spectral dependence of objects on the surface of the ground cover on the wavelength has been formulated and solved. It is determined that the optimum is the inverse dependence of the emissivity coefficient on wavelength. Emission properties of new and old asphalt pavement have been considered, and on the basis of the analysis the author has made a conclusion about the importance of taking into account the temperature of such a pavement. It has been found that if, according to the Planck curve family, asphalt pavement emits at an appropriate temperature in the 9…11 pm range at the maximum energy, the requirement for the correction may weaken, and, consequently, the error due to the failure to consider the influence of spectral variability in emissivity may diminish