Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of smartphone dependence of elementary school students participating in extracurricular activities in COVID-19 on interpersonal ability and social competence. To achieve this objective, 359 elementary school students in grades 5-6 from Incheon and Gyeonggi Province were the subject of this study. The measurement tool used for data collection was a structured 5 Likert scale questionnaire, verified in previous studies, and modified and supplemented to be suitable for elementary school students. The collected questionnaires were analyzed according to the research purpose and research problem using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0. First, descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability (Cronbach's α) were measured. Afterwards, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed according to the research question. First, as a result of analyzing the correlation between the smartphone dependence, interpersonal ability, and social competence variables of elementary school students, there is a statistically negative correlation between smartphone dependence and interpersonal competence, and between smartphone dependence and social competence, There is a statistically positive (+) correlation between interpersonal ability and social competence. Second, elementary school students' smartphone dependence has a statistically significant negative (-) effect on interpersonal ability. Third, elementary school students' smartphone dependence has a statistically significant negative (-) effect on their sense of social connection. However, compulsive dependence had a negative (-) effect on initiative, but it was not statistically significant. Fourth, interpersonal ability of elementary school students has a statistically significant positive (+) effect on social competence. However communication ability had a positive (+) effect on cooperation, but it was not statistically significant.
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