Развитие первой советской гендерной модели в первой половине 1930-х гг.

Abstract

The paper presents the characteristic features of the first Soviet female gender model in the second stage of its development — in the first half of the 1930s. It is shown that in this period the main trend made the transformation that took place in the structure of the female gender role at the macro-level: in typical activities, social status and change under the influence of traditional ideas about the place of women in social production. Illuminated training plan for the use of female labor in the first five years. Shows the process of the gradual elimination of special women’s organizations, leading to a reduction of mass women’s movement. Noted the division of peasant category into two groups (collective farmers and edinolichnits) and the exclusion of peasant-individualok from the category of women workers in the texts of regulations and mass propaganda. Identified common features of the first Soviet female gender model, form in the 1920s — the first half of the 1930s. Defined features in the new stage of its development, the most important of which were the presence of committees to improve the working and living conditions of women, women’s sector at the department of agitation and propaganda in the party committee of the CPSU (b) limit the availability of abortion in the practice of abortion committees, changes in attitudes towards prostitution, reduction discourse of women’s movement, the active involvement of women in the work in heavy industry. In conclusion, based on the detection of new features (the abolition of the special women’s organizations, damping Soviet alternative mechanisms of female behavior, anti-abortion, conclusion on the Elimination of prostitution) concluded functioning since 1936 the second Soviet female gender model.