МЕТОДИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РИЗИКУ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ПІДВИЩЕНОЇ НЕБЕЗПЕКИ

Abstract

Based on a thorough analysis of the leading Ukrainian and foreign approaches, the authors of the article consider the concept of ecological and economic risk in the system of building ecological and economic security of an enterprise that is an operator of a potentially hazardous object or objects. The article examines the main methods of assessing environmental and economic risk, namely, the statistical method, the method of expert assessments, the method of using analogues, the method of cost-effectiveness, the economic and mathematical method, the fault-tree and event-tree method etc. Particular attention is paid to the division of approaches to assessing environmental and economic risk into qualitative and quantitative ones. The author highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods and draws attention to the widespread approach of integrated use of these methods with the generalised use of the analytical approach, and builds an algorithm for such an assessment. The author generalises the mathematical apparatus for determining the level of risk with regard to environmental and economic aspects and adjusts these approaches depending on the existing legislative norms, primarily with regard to the risks of losses due to regulatory and excessive pollution. The author proposes an integrated approach to the use of the concept of environmental and economic risk in the process of assessing a more sincere concept – the level of environmental and economic security of an enterprise, in particular, within the framework of developing plans for localisation and elimination of accidents and their consequences and formation of the State Electronic Register of High Risk Objects. In particular, it emphasises the importance of taking into account environmental and economic risks when developing the analytical part of the plans for localisation and elimination of accidents and their consequences, which contains an analysis of hazards, possible accidents and their consequences. Such plans are required by the Law of Ukraine "On High Risk Facilities" for Category 1 and 2 high risk facilities.