ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ОБОСНОВАННЫЕ РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЕ АГРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ ДЛЯ ОРОШАЕМОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the conduct of agrotechnical measures in the cultiva-tion of crops on long-term irrigated dark chestnut soils of the Volga region and the impact on their productiv-ity. Resource-saving agrotechnical methods of land use are proposed. An important direction of increasing the efficiency of irrigated lands is to improve the structure of crops: it is advisable to allocate at least 65% for fodder crops, cereals - up to 25%, vegetables, potatoes and industrial crops - 10% of the sown area. When placing crops on the best predecessors, irrigation moisture and effective soil fertility are most productively used, the effectiveness of agromeliorative methods for the cultivation of agricultural crops increases, and their yield increases by an average of 20-25%. The effectiveness of the use of non-moldboard tillage has been proven, since it does not lead to a decrease in crop yields, while it is aimed at preventing negative envi-ronmental processes, such as soil erosion, and saves energy resources. However, for decompaction of the arable horizon, it is advisable to use a multi-depth system of basic tillage. Its depth depends on the level of occurrence of groundwater and their mineralization. It is proposed to carry out the irrigation regime differen-tially, taking into account moisture reserves, especially in soils with a heavy granulometric composition: irri-gation should be avoided after sowing crops, in order to avoid the formation of a soil crust and sparse crops, and the irrigation rates should be set below optimal to prevent runoff.