Англомовні соціальні неологізми та способи їх передачі українською мовою

Abstract

The article deals with the concept of neologism and the functioning of neologisms in the media space. As at the beginning of the 21st century, human psychology began to be studied more deeply and rapidly, and therefore, especially in English-speaking countries, new terms, words and phrases of the social direction began to appear. Among these new terms a separate group can be distinguished. They denote the characteristics of people as an individual, such as the types of sexual orientation of a person. And while in English-speaking communities the question of acceptance of new terms is being solved, the question of translation of these words arises before us. The article introduces the concept of social neologism, its essence, which is a new word that defines human peculiarities, their affiliation with certain groups of people that are connected by one or more common characteristics. In the article the ways of translation of neologisms, covered ways of transferring social neologisms into the Ukrainian language are mentioned as well. During the research, theoretical materials about neologisms were considered, and based on them, the ways of the most expedient translation of neologisms were outlined. It has been found that there is no single correct way to convey the full meaning of all the neologisms taken into consideration, and in some cases it is advisable to use a descriptive one. The article performs only educational goal and does not have a purpose of offending people or propagating something. The material of the article concerns with ways of transmitting names of different, new appeared sexual and romantic orientations, or labels, in the Ukrainian language. The material also includes ways of translation of different types of discrimination. It was discovered that the best ways to translate notions of discriminations type are transcription and transliteration. The method of transcription can be used for most of the notions, while the method of transliteration for fewer, which cannot be fully understood by the Ukrainian people. The method of calque, or loan translation, was discovered to be best suitable for the translation of notions that define sexual orientation. It was defined that calque consists in the borrowing from another language and transmitting words with the means of another. Such method implies the use of feminitives in the Ukrainian language, a feature that is absent in the English language, as the Ukrainian language has a category of gender (masculine, feminine and neuter). It was concluded that the subject of the scientific work is of great importance, as it deals with the human nature and their roles in society, and encourages other scientists to do further researches.