PECULIARITIES OF THE TRANSLATION OF NEOLOGISMS

Abstract

Objective. Outline the general features of the translation of English neologisms into Ukrainian. Methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, study of critical literature on the topic, work with scientific sources were used. Results. We concluded that translation of neologisms are being one of the most difficult tasks. It requires detailed analysis and research in order to translate a neologism into Ukrainian language. The study shows that the main difficulty of translating is the transfer of the meaning to a new word. Ways to enrich the vocabulary of the English language at the expense of neologisms have been provided in this article. The conducted research gives grounds to claim that in the modern scientific literature many researchers identify the following main ways of translation of neologisms: 1. transliteration and transcription; 2. calquing 3. loan translation; descriptive method; 5. direct inclusion; 6. approximate translation. Transliteration is based on the disposal of a graphic image, namely the transfer of letters and is used for the transfer of proper nouns. Transcription is based on a phonetic principle, that is, the transmission of sounds of English names in Ukrainian letters (word sound). The transcription practice is much more widespread in the translation practice of the present, which is to transmit Ukrainian letters not the spelling form, but the sound of English word. Due to the significant differences in the phonetic systems of Ukrainian and English, such transfer is always somewhat conditional and reproduces only the similarity of English sound. It should bear in mind that there is always a transliteration element when using transcription. Elements of transliteration during transcription are as follows: 1) transliteration of non-communicable sounds; 2) transliteration of reduced vowels; 3) transfer of double consonants; 4) if there are several variants of pronunciation, the one closest to the graphic is usually selected. Translation of neologisms by calquing. This method is to replace the constituent parts, morphemes or words (in the case of persistent phrases), units of the original with their lexical counterparts in the language of translation. The peculiarity of calquing as a way of transmission of neologism — in maintaining the unchanged intrinsic form of the lexical unit. Calquing as a technique for creating an equivalent is similar to a literal translation — the equivalent of a whole is created by simply adding equivalents of its components. The translation of neologisms by means of loan translation is to replace the component parts of morphemes or words with the units of the original — their lexical correspondences in the language of translation, while remaining the constant internal form of the lexical unit. Therefore, only neologisms of compound words are subject to loan translation. The advantage of this method lies in its conciseness and simplicity. The method of de- scriptive translation can also be carried out by means of a substitution method. Substitution translation is a method of transmitting neologism, in which a word (or phrase) that already exists in the translation language, which is not a neologism in it, but has sufficient commons of meanings with the original word, is used as its equivalent. Ideally, semantic congruence can be achieved here, that is the coincidence of denotative values (with the inevitable divergence in some connotative values).