Огляд досліджень в напрямку міоелектричного методу керування біонічним протезом

Abstract

Myoelectric control of bionic prostheses is an important field of research in the field of rehabilitation. Intuitive and intelligent myoelectric control can restore upper limb function. However, much research now focuses on the development of various myoelectrical and biotechnical control methods, limiting research to the complex daily tasks of prosthetic manipulation, such as grasping and releasing. The article examines the latest advances in the research areas of bionic prosthesis management. In particular, attention is paid to the methods of determining movement intentions, classification of discrete movements, estimation of continuous movements, single-channel control, feedback control and combined control. Motor neurons group input signals from the central nervous system that affect muscles and form motor units. The electromyography (EMG) signal, which is obtained by recording motor neuron action potentials, reflects muscle activity. This signal, oscillating within ±5000 μV with a frequency of 6 to 500 Hz, reflects the characteristics of muscle contraction. Depending on the location of the sensors, EMG signals are divided into intramuscular and surface electromyography. Intramuscular electromyography provides an accurate study of muscle activation, but requires the implantation of sensors, which can lead to physical problems. EMG, which captures a signal from the surface of the skin, is easier to use and is widely used in experiments with myoelectric prostheses.