Abstract
The Thoroughbred horse was created in England in the XVIII century with the use of stallions of Eastern origin and is one of the most valuable riding breeds bred in 70 countries. In Russia Stud Book of the breed has been published since 1836. The exchange of breeding material between countries provides for the formation of branched linear structure and a progressive development of this breed for the past three centuries. Our assessment of the origin of stallions-producers, used in the last ten years (n=643), showed that among them the most widely represented descendants of Northern Dancer (26.0%), Nasrullah(15.5%) and Mr. Prospector (13.2%). In genotypes of the sires was identified 91 out of 100 alleles identified in the breed. Comparative analysis of producers of different lines by genetic and population parameters showed that they differ in the number of alleles (Na 55-83), the average level of polymorphism (Ae 2,151-3,231) and the degree of observed heterozygosity (Ho 0,549-0,725) of the studied loci. Genetic distances between the representatives of different lines varied in the interval (0.684-0.971) and corresponded to kinship relations between them. The average differentiation index of 15 stallions was 0.056, for Massine, Duglas, Tourbillon and Man О`War lines this index was significantly higher (P<0.01). Linear structuring of the breed is an effective breeding method for obtaining the effect of heterosis at the cross of lines and the preservation of genetic diversity in the population of thoroughbred riding horses.
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