Теоретичні погляди на поняття «набуття членства» в соціології організацій

Abstract

The article reveals the theoretical basis for the development of the concept of «membership in organizations». In sociology, the term "membership" is used in a broad (member of society) and narrow (member of a formal organization) sense. At the level of professional, totalitarian and bureaucratic organizations as social segments, membership is modified as «belonging status», organizational identity, subordination and involvement. Certain value principles are revealed, the formal implementation of which is guarded by the statute and the oath. Organizations decide, on the one hand, on the acquisition and termination of membership, and on the other on the transfer of members to various positions in the organization. Acquisition of membership turns the individual into a component of staff, which becomes the object of organizational decisions. The macro-sociological concepts of F.Tönnies, M.Duverger, T.Parsons, M.Olson present membership as a formal-bureaucratic procedure with limited and open access. Admission to the group, the organization is a preliminary investigation and establishment of the ethical value of the applicant and receipt after testing and testing of the approbation as a «full». Joining the organization or gaining membership in it is a complex procedure of social cooperation, mutual consent. You can join a closed organization only after a long probationary period and serious recommendations from the responsible guarantors, even passing an examination and filtration commission, providing evidence of sincerity and firmness of intention. There are groups with limited and open access, but the process of joining and leaving the group is determined by the nature of the goal that the group wants to achieve, not by some characteristics of membership. Thus, pressure groups (lobbying organizations) attract participants partly through subtle forms of coercion, and partly through the provision of selective incentives (legal and financial advice, advocacy of members of associations before the judiciary and law enforcement agencies). With the acquisition of membership in one organization, the individual receives formal isolation from a member of another organization. Members of a particular organization can be recognized by symbols (flag, emblem, slogan, etc.). Any organization can set its own restrictions or qualifications: age, availability of written recommendations, entrance fees. Active participation in membership not only deepens the experience of the individual and expands the potential of the organization, but expands its influence within the community, involving a wider segment of the community in organizational activities.