Применение цианобактерий в качестве удобрений для сельскохозяйственных культур растений

Abstract

Every day, as the world population grows, the need for nutrients also increases, and the scale and intensity of agriculture increases. At the same time, there is a need for renewable, more environmentally friendly fertilizers compared to synthetic ones. One of these fertilizers is phytostimulants based on cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes widespread in nature. They are resistant to environmental factors and some cyanobacteria are able to exist in extreme conditions (for example, the genus Nostoc, which demonstrates resistance to soil salinity). During their life processes, cyanobacteria provide plants with useful exometabolites. Through phytohormones, these microalgae participate in the signaling pathway of gene expression that regulates plant metabolism. They improve the rhizosphere community of microorganisms, which leads to a strengthened root system and mineral nutrition. Due to these mineral nutrients, cyanobacteria extracts can be used to improve seed germination, plant growth, flowering and fruiting, and to increase the shelf life of fruits after harvest. Exometabolites of cyanobacteria can stimulate various plant reactions, such as stomatal respiration, photosynthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, chlorophyll formation, ion uptake, also inhibit the development of molds. This article presents an analysis of literature data and scientific articles by domestic and foreign researchers, which gives an idea of the potential of cyanobacteria as biofertilizers both in optimal conditions for growth and development of crop plants, and in saline and dry soils. A brief description of the experiments carried out is given and an assessment of their effectiveness is put forward, based on the conclusion of the researchers.