Варианты адаптационных реакций у детей с острыми респираторными инфекциями

Abstract

The endocrine and immune systems play an important role in the child’s adaptation to acute respiratory infection (ARI). The course and outcome of the disease depend on the effectiveness of their work; hence the relevance of this topic. The purpose is to establish variants of adaptive reactions in children with ARI based on the study of clinical and laboratory parameters. Material and methods. 210 children from 1 to 16 years of age were examined in the acute period of ARI. In addition to the standard clinical laboratory and instrumental examination, patients were assessed for the level of thyroid hormones (T4 free, T3 free), TSH, cortisol, IFN-ɑ and IFN-ɣ in blood serum. Results. 4 adaptive reactions have been established in children with ARI. The training reaction, the markers of which are increased cortisol and IFN-ɣ, develops in children with a mild form of ARI. The reaction of quiet activation, the markers of which are elevated cortisol, IFN-ɣ and TSH, proceeds with the development of moderate -severe forms of ARI. The low activation reaction, the markers of which are low cortisol and IFN-ɑ, is characterized by a severe form with the development of obstructive syndrome. The reactivation reaction, the markers of which are represented by very high levels of cortisol, IFN-ɑ, TSH and low IFN-ɣ, develops in children with severe ARI complicated with pneumonia. Conclusion. During adaptive reactions of training, quiet activation and reactivation in children with ARI, the administration of interferons and glucocorticoids is not indicated. Therapy with recombinant interferons-α and glucocorticoids is recommended for children with a low activation reaction.