АКТИВНА І ПАСИВНА РОБОТА ТРАКТОРА У СКЛАДІ ҐРУНТООБРОБНОГО АГРЕГАТА

Abstract

Purpose of the study. Improving the efficiency of using a tractor as part of a tillage machine through scientific and technical substantiation of energy conservation. This goal is achieved by increasing the active (useful) and reducing the passive (not useful) work of the tractor. Research methods. The method of partial accelerations based on the reverse transition from the vector sum in the space of forces acting on the tractor to the vector sum in the space of accelerations is the basis for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic parameters of tractors in the composition of tillage machines. The results of the study. The unevenness of the movement significantly affects the decrease in the active work of the tillage unit and, accordingly, the increase in the passive work. A dependence is proposed for determining the additional energy consumption for oscillatory movements with an uneven movement of the tractor unit. It is proved that the additional energy consumption during the unstable movement of the tillage unit on the rut is 2-3 % (passive work) of the total energy consumption. The method of partial accelerations, which is based on the reverse transition from the vector sum in the space of forces acting on the tractor, to the vector sum in the space of accelerations, is the basis for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic parameters of tractors in the composition of tillage machines. On the basis of this method, the methodology for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic indicators of the tractor when performing the technological process without the use of dynamometric means has been substantiated. The modernized measuring and registration complex, developed with the participation of the authors of the article at the Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, P. Vasilenko Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture and the Kharkiv branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT in the direction of software for assessing the resistance of aggregated machines, traction efficiency of the tractor, longitudinal acceleration of the unit. The use of this complex when testing tractors is aimed at implementing the methodology of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT with the definition of traction indicators of tractors and standards of the Code 2 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Conclusions. The article contains a theoretical generalization and a new solution to the scientific problem of increasing the efficiency of a tractor as part of a tillage unit, based on a decrease in additional energy costs (passive work). The research results made it possible to formulate the main theoretical and scientific-practical conclusions. The scientific value of the study lies in clarifying the dependence of the tractor operation as part of the tillage machine in the direction of reducing the useless (passive) work on turns at the headland and on a turn on the rut. It has been proven that in order to ensure maximum operation of this unit, it must be operated with increased traction force and reduced travel speed. The dynamic model of the tractor as part of the tillage unit has been improved. The practical value of the study lies in the standard developed on the basis of the partial acceleration method for assessing the traction properties of the tractor SOU 71.2-37-046043080-017: 2015, which is recommended by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine for use in testing and modernizing tractors.