ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПЕРВИЧНОЙ АДЕНТИЕЙ

Abstract

Abstract. Introduction. Number of patients with hypodontia has increased at orthodontic appointments. According to different authors, the frequency of tooth rudiments absence ranges from 2 % to 16.5 %. The highest rank is held by maxillary lateral incisors hypodontia. Due the increased patients’ aesthetic requirements, it is a difficult task, especially with the alveolar ridge bone deficiency. Treatment of such patients requires a multidisciplinary approach and the use of digital technology. The aim of the study is to improve the treatment effectiveness for patients with hypodontia, using digital planning, surgical templates, intraoral scanning, and the CAD/CAM modelling of metal-free screw-retained crowns on dental implants. Materials and Methods. The clinical study was performed in the dental office PreziDent (Cheboksary) in 2018-2023. The total number of patients was 24 people (female), aged 16 to 34 years. There were two groups (n=12). The first group patients had their missing teeth replaced using dental implantation without using any digital technology. In the second group, those with the use of digital technologies. Gingival condition of the dentition defect area was assessed: Severity of stippling phenomenon degree, density gingival margin adherence to the structural materials, vacuum capillary resistance by Kulazhenko, and Mülleman-Cowell bleeding index. SPSS 13.0 software package was used for the statistical processing of the results obtained. Results and Discussion. The first stage of treatment included orthodontic treatment, bracket placement and canine distalization. Some patients were fitted with orthodontic miniscrews in the subclavicular region. After creating gaps for the future lateral incisors, a surgical template was fabricated and dental implants were placed. Four months after implantation, the bracket system was removed and the implant temporary crowns were placed; six months later, CAD/CAM digital metal-free prosthetics were placed. Not a single case of implant loss was detected. An algorithm framework was developed for managing patients with maxillary lateral incisor hypodontia. Conclusions. Using computer programs for planning dental implantation and in navigation surgery allows installing dental implants most accurately and making digital metal-free prosthetic constructions by computer-aided modelling and manufacturing. Thus, the risk of complications is reduced and an effective functional and aesthetic state of dentoalveolar system is achieved in patients with primary anodontia.