Инженерный метод расчёта площадей пожарных отсеков в общественных зданиях

Abstract

Purpose. The analysis of domestic and foreign regulatory documents showed that the regulatory requirements for the areas of fire compartments cannot be considered as scientifically based. It is necessary to develop a new approach to substantiate quantitatively the sizes of fire compartments. Methods. When making calculations, the area of fire compartments must meet certain criteria. An economic approach to calculating the size of fire compartments with the criterion of incurred costs is proposed. The areas of fire compartments must meet the conditions for fulfilling the optimization criterion, which takes into account the costs of creating fire protection for the building and the risk of material losses in case of a fire. Findings. The authors have presented analytical expressions of criteria to make a decision on the economic feasibility of using an automatic fire extinguishing system or fire walls, based on the criterion of incurred costs for one-story public buildings. The resulting formulas determine the critical areas of fire compartments; if these values are exceeded, it is advisable to use automatic fire extinguishing systems or divide the building into two fire compartments. Three options to determine the size of fire compartments for a one-story building have been considered. Research application field. The results can be applied in the context of alternative design of fire compartment areas when developing fire protection for specific facilities in compliance with the principle of economic feasibility. The formulas are simple and suitable for engineering calculations. Conclusions. It is proposed for facilities where fires can cause significant material losses, including social components of fire risks, to use the economic approach to determining the area of fire compartments based on optimizing the criterion of incurred costs. When comparing options for fire protection of a facility, the option that provides the minimum value of the criterion should be chosen. For three protection options: without fire walls and automatic fire extinguishing systems, with the use of automatic fire extinguishing systems or using fire walls, analytical expressions for the areas of fire compartments have been found.