Обеспечение безопасности людей в жилых зданиях повышенной этажности

Abstract

Annually, the residential sector accounts for about 70 % of the total number of fires in the Russian Federation. In the apartment houses killed more than 90 % of the total number of deaths in the Russian Federation. Factor that significantly increases fire hazard in high-rise buildings is the high probability of late detection of fire in case of absence or being in a failed state of systems of fire automatics. Currently, the design of residential high-rise buildings in the Russian Federation is regulated by the requirements of Set of rules 54.13330.2011 “Residential Buildings. The updated edition of SNiP 31-01-2003”. By US regulations automatic detection and notification of fire is necessary in almost all residential buildings. In accordance with the NFPA standards, all new apartment buildings should be protected by automatic fire extinguishing systems. The widespread implementation of the automatic fire extinguishing systems in residential buildings in our country is hindered by the lack of regulatory framework. In 2016 Set of rules 267.1325800.2016 “Buildings and complexes high-rise. Design rules” was developed, which contains a section on fire safety, mainly devoted to requirements of design solutions. Currently is developing a set of rules devoted to questions of fire safety of high-rise buildings. For fighting fires and conducting rescue operations in the high-rise buildings fire ladders, mobile aerial towers and helicopters are widely used. To supply fire extinguishing substances in high-rise buildings fire trucks with high pressure pumps and special hydraulic equipment are used. To ensure the removal of smoke from escape routes of people in some cases mobile smoke exhaustion equipment can be used. To ensure the safety of people at fires in high-rise buildings it is advisable: § consider the possibility of inclusion in the compulsory fire security demands the requirements of the protection of premises with fire alarms and automatic fire extinguishing systems; § to provide high-rise residential buildings with emergency rescue devices of group and individual actions, as well as isolating and filtering self-rescuers, depending on the conditions of use; to develop normative documents with demands of mandatory placement in a residential high-rise buildings of the technical means of human salvation; § to review the regulatory documents that define requirements for the construction of fire stations with their equipment of modern mobile firefighting and rescue equipment; § to develop a set of rules tailored to the fire hazard of high-rise residential buildings; § to provide the legal basis for the activities of fire service in the prevention of fires in the residential sector and primarily in the high-rise buildings.