Структурні типи англійських авіаційних термінів-абревіатур в аспекті перекладу

Abstract

The article deals with the translation of aviation terms-abbreviations ((LORAN, tkof, Ttail, etc.) from English into Ukrainian. The regularities of structural integration of components in English and Ukrainian aviation terms were found. The types of structural and semantic transformations in translation were analyzed. The structure and features of the translation of letter abbreviations (UHF, HIPAR, etc.) are described. It was found that three–component word-combinations (ACC – area control center) often serve as the basis for design of letter aviation abbreviations; two-component, four-component, and five-component phrases are used occasionally. In the English aviation terminological system unlike the Ukrainian one the material for the formation of letter abbreviations may be composite as well as phrases, one of the components of which is expressed by a complex word. For the translation of the created in this way terms we can restore the original word-combination and use calquing. It should be borne in mind that one of the letters in its composition may be a reduction of conjunctions or prepositions (SARC – search and rescue center). The reduction to three or four letters of one of the components of the terminology word-combinations is a typical way of formation English aviation abbreviations. When determining the original form of the English term, a translator should take into account that not only the first, but also the last component of the phrase can be subject to reduction. The translation specificity of homoacronyms that based on word-combinations in which one of the components is a concatenation-type composite is shown. Attention is paid to the availability of borrowings in English and Ukrainian aviation terminological systems. Identification of abbreviations-borrowings requires the use of French, German and other terminology dictionaries. It is important to distinguish elliptical abbreviations not only from the initial ones, but also from the reductions of the composites to the first letters of their components, to achieve an adequate translation. The terms-abbreviations that are formed by the reduction of current words were found. The choice of methods, types, ways to translate English aviation abbreviations (calquing of the original form, calquing with the following abbreviation, descriptive translation, etc.) depends on the structural type of the term. The required condition for an adequate translation of abbreviations is to take into account the broad context. The material was taken from dictionaries of aviation terms and original scientific texts.