СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МИКРОПОПУЛЯЦИЙ СЕВЕРНЫХ ОЛЕНЕЙ НЕНЕЦКОЙ ПОРОДЫ МАЛОЗЕМЕЛЬСКОЙ ТУНДРЫ НАО

Abstract

The territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) has a large length from north to south and from west to east within the borders, which distinguish different biotopes that have been used for breeding reindeer for a long time. The aim of our research was the genetic and exterior assessment of reindeer micropopulations of SRO Tabseda (TABS) and marine brigades of the SEC Indiga (INDM), formed in the biotopes of the western and eastern parts of one geomorphological region of the Malozemelskaya tundra of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. For analysis, we used the results of molecular genetic studies on nine STR markers, zootechnical examination of animals on 10 main features of the exterior and live weight, characteristics of physique, agroecological assessment of pastures (description of the relief, hydrographic network, zonal division of the vegetation cover, calculation of the INDM vegetation index in Landsat -8 and Sentinel-2A). According to the analysis of long-term values of the vegetation index NDVI, TABS pastures differ from INDM in low biological productivity, the vegetation of which is formed in vast lowlands with a highly developed hydrographic network. The micropopulation of TABS was characterized by high rates of genetic diversity: the average number of alleles (Na) per locus was 8.22, information alleles - 5.33, effective - 4.46 and private - 0.89. Heterozygous deficiency was noted in both TABS and INDM micropopulations (8.8 and 12.1%). Based on the obtained data on the exterior indicators, the INDM females had a number of advantages over TABS in chest girth (125.8 and 121.2 cm, p> 0.95), oblique body length (108.5 and 106.5 cm, p = 0, 95) and live weight (104.2 and 95.9 kg, p> 0.999), while males - by chest depth (47.5 and 44.7 cm, p> 0.99), chest width (29.9 and 27.5 cm, p> 0.99) and oblique body length (119.5 and 116.5 cm, p> 0.95), respectively. Thus, the reindeer micropopulations TABS and INDM located in the Malozemelskaya tundra have genetic and morphological differences that are associated with different environmental conditions.