Abstract
Modern high-speed telecommunication networks with time division multiplexing (TDM) based on nx64kBit/s channel switching cannot function without a high-quality network synchronization system, which is designed to ensure the reliability and stability of the formation, switching and processing of information in digital channels. The clock synchronization system is based on the transmission of the reference frequency from the primary clock to all digital equipment of the telecommunication network through the high-speed streams of transmission systems. However, in the case of distributed communication networks, the integrity of the clock synchronization system is violated, and there is a need to develop special technical solutions to ensure the provision of frequencies for all remote network elements. This article is devoted to an overview of such solutions.
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