Роль национального языка в воспроизводстве этнической идентичности городского населения Дагестана

Abstract

Introduction. The increased interest in the position of national (native) languages ​​in the world space is due to the intensification of the processes of globalization and, along with it, urbanization, the formation of an information society, which itself determines the dominant language that is necessary for communication. Theoretical justification. The growth of the importance of one language naturally contributes to the weakening of the status of other national languages, the narrowing of the areas of their functioning, respectively, the transformation of linguistic consciousness and human behavior. In this regard, the study of the national language not only as a key identifier of an individual's ethnic self-identification, but also as a means of communication, seems relevant in the mainstream of ethno-linguistic processes, which are very difficult in a multinational community. Methods. The empirical study was conducted in 2021 by random selection. The object of the study is the urban population. The subject of the study is the linguistic consciousness and linguistic behavior of the urban population of Dagestan. Location of conducting the study – cities Derbent, Kaspiysk, Makhachkala, Khasavyurt, Kizlyar. The basis for including these cities in the study sample is the territorial parameter, which allows you to evenly cover the northern, plain and southern administrative entities. N = 563. Results and its discussion. The analysis of the obtained sociological material shows the importance for the surveyed urban population of Dagestan of all markers of the reproduction of ethnic identity, only their place and weight in the identification system are different. Basic provisions. – comparison of empirical material over the years (2009 and 2021) indicates changes in the attitudes of the surveyed population: the share of national traditions and customs indicating the marker has noticeably increased, while the significance of the national language in the reproduction of ethnic identity has decreased; – empirical data indicate the presence of destructive tendencies in the linguistic consciousness and behavior of the surveyed urban population, in particular, in the definition of the native (mother) language. The share of those who point to the language of their ethnic community as their native language has significantly decreased, while the number of those who consider “the national and Russian languages ​​at the same time” as their mother tongue increased; – change in linguistic consciousness poses a threat to the preservation of the integrity and originality of any ethnic formation, regardless of its size. A deliberate rejection of the national (native) language is a signal of negative processes taking place in the linguistic area.