Языковая политика и языковой конфликт в современном российском обществе

Abstract

Introduction. The problem of the state of national (native) languages ​​is one of the most urgent, because modern information society and the specifics of its development have contributed to appearance of a completely different model of language behavior and language consciousness. Theoretical justification. The language issue is acutely manifested in multi-ethnic education, because multilingualism requires the definition of the language of interethnic communication. The language problem was actualized in the post-Soviet period in combination with national problems and the growth of national self-consciousness, the designation by ethnical leaders of the vector of preserving ethno-cultural identity. At the same time, any problem in Russian society unjustifiably had an ethnic connotation. Among a lot of ethnic problems, the language one takes a special place, because the stable development of any society depends on the state of the national language, the attitude towards it, its status. The infringement of the national language, it is ignoring, prohibition of use forms intolerant attitudes in society. An important role in resolving the language issue should be played by language policy, which should fully take into account ethnic interests of all national entities, avoid infringing on the language rights of speakers of a particular language. Only the targeted implementation of the measures laid down in the language policy will make it possible to prevent the emergence of a language conflict, otherwise interethnic conflicts may arise under slogans of protecting the native (national) language, which can destabilize the interethnic sphere as a whole. Methods. An empirical research was conducted in 2021 by random selection. The object of the research is the urban population. The subject of the research is the language consciousness and language behavior of the urban population of Dagestan. Location of the survey – cities Derbent, Kaspiysk, Makhachkala, Khasavyurt, Kizlyar. The basis for including these cities in the sample of the study is the territorial parameter, which allows to cover the northern, plain and southern administrative entities evenly. N = 563. Results and its discussion. The analysis of the language policy in modern Russian society shows that this survey is one of the most relevant, because against the backdrop of an aggravation in the interethnic sphere, one of the factors that worsened the situation was precisely the status of national languages. Basic provisions. – the conducted research shows the dominance of the Russian language as the language of interethnic communication in the language behavior of the surveyed urban population; this fact testifies to the transformation of the language consciousness of the townspeople; – native language is mainly used by respondents in intra-family communication, while in an interethnic family it is practically not used for objective reasons. – the main informative sources for the surveyed population are publications in Russian, while there is no demand for publications in national languages. However, it should be noted that the decrease in the weight of publications in native languages ​​is due to the fact that electronic media prevail over print publications; – revealed inconsistency and inconsistency in the language behavior of the urban population: declaring the value of the national language is not consistent with their language preference.