Импортные потоки стран Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона: место товаров дальневосточного экспорта

Abstract

Based on the analysis of import flows of the Asia-Pacific (NEA-3 and ASEAN) in the period 2015–2021, it is shown that a stable commodity-geographical structure of supplies has developed in the region. About half of the volume of imports in USD falls on computers, communications equipment, parts and components used in their production; mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes; iron ores and concentrates. At the same time, there is a high level of interdependence of mutual trade flows within the region. Such an import structure is based on the complementarity of the supply and demand of the Asia-Pacific countries. It is shown that only the USA, Australia and Saudi Arabia are large-scale external exporters for ASEAN+3. Of the traditional exports of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD), only fuel and energy products had a stable niche with a steady but small-scale demand for fish, forestry and metallurgical products. Thus, for the NEA-3 countries, the Russian Federation was an important supplier of energy resources, and Japan and the Republic of Korea got about half of fuel and energy products from the Russian Far East. Russia was also the largest supplier of fish and seafood for China and the Republic of Korea. Moreover, almost all Russian exports of fish products to the ASEAN+3 countries were supplied from the FEFD. Despite the fact that since 2007 the Russian Federation has gradually increased export customs duties on round wood, which had strong demand in the region, during the study period, Russia remained a key supplier for China, and for Japan it was in the top ten. Approximately 25% of Russian exports of wood and articles of wood to the Asia-Pacific were supplied from the Russian Far East