Regional housing problems of the population: Far Eastern Federal District

Abstract

The article deals with topical issues related to current trends in the provision of comfortable housing for residents of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). The purpose of the work is to identify, based on the analysis of statistical and sociological data, the features of the state of the housing stock of the macroregion, which has spatial significance, and show relevant tools for solving these regional problems. On the basis of the general scientific dialectical approaches used by the authors, the following is shown: relative quantitative and qualitative parameters of the housing stock of the Far Eastern Federal District, differentiation of the regions — subjects of the Russian Federation by housing provision for the population and housing improvement, the degree of satisfaction with housing according to surveys of residents, provision of the Far Eastern Federal District with the infrastructure of mortgage lending, debt on housing loans. The macro-regions of Russia and the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are ranked according to the specific indicator of housing provision and improvement of the housing stock in 2020. The specific of the situation of the Far Eastern Federal District at the national level and intra-macro-regional differences are identified. The measures applied by the State, in particular, mortgage housing lending for individuals, are assessed, the differentiated results of the use of the Far Eastern Mortgage program by the population are analyzed, taking into account provision of the Far Eastern Federal District with financial infrastructure. It is concluded that housing is a component that is significant for various spatial levels. Additional financing of the FEFD regions since 2014 at the expense of state programs has not affected the growth of the housing stock of the FEFD, which, in terms of specific indicators of housing provision, is marked by values below the Russian average for the entire three-year period (2018-2020). This macro-region is distinguished at the national level by the lowest values of the housing stock owned by citizens. In a number of regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, there is an obvious need to improve the quality of housing (the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory). The State mortgage program in the macroregion is the only opportunity to purchase housing, taking into account the debt burden of the population, the decrease in nominal and real incomes, the presence of unemployment, incl. hidden, reduction in the number of credit institutions (rehabilitation of banks in recent years).