Abstract
The article examines the images of large cultures on the basis of O. Spengler’s physiognomic morphology. The meaning of the category «the soul of culture» as a worldview growing from the ancestral symbol is clarified. The essence of the German philosopher’s naturalistic approach to the ontology of culture is revealed. O. Spengler’s idea of Russian-Slavic culture and its ancestral phenomenon in the system of the worldviews is crit-ically comprehended, including the comparison of Spenglerianism with the domestic philosophical tradition. The soul of Russian-Slavic culture is defined as Karamazov’s, i.e. prone to extremes and antinomianism. A complex of oppositions characteristic of Russian consciousness is highlighted. The potential for the realization of the spiritual possibilities of Russian culture is seen in the ideals of the conciliar society and St. John’s man. Their achievement is associated with overcoming the historical «pendulum migration» and the transition to cultural paramorphosis between the two Russias.
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