Проблематика оценки глубины асфальтосмолопарафиновых отложений в трубных системах транспортирования нефти

Abstract

During the operation of oil pipelines, an accumulation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits is observed on their inner surface, which significantly reduce the efficiency of their operation. These deposits are a significant obstacle to the activities of oil transportation industries. There are permanently significant funds for the cleaning of oil pipelines of the given negative accumulations. In order to determine the prospects and effective implementation of high-cost treatment measures, there is a need for adequate data on the current thickness of deposits in pipelines. This article compactly presents measuring instruments based on radiation, ultrasonic, dielkometric and thermal measurement methods. At the same time, the main requirement for such measuring instruments is metrological reliability, provided through their intellectualization, in other words, providing them with parameters that make it possible to function under conditions of significant uncertainty, failures and a number of subsystems, which is provided by redundancy. Essential requirements are the safety of operation and ease of operation. The most reliable method of measuring the height of the deposits under study now is an ultrasonic method based on the emission of an ultrasound pulse through the pipeline wall and the registration of signals of their reflection from the opposite wall. The positive side of this approach is the possibility of placing a measuring device on the outer surface of the pipeline without destroying its integrity. The authors concluded that thermal and ultrasonic sensors are maximally suitable for solving these problems, the integration of signals from them makes it possible, in addition to reducing the error when measuring the height of deposits, to increase their reliability, as well as to maintain the survivability of the system in case of a malfunction or disconnection of any of the sensors.