ЕКОНОМІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ В ЄС ТА УКРАЇНІ

Abstract

The experience of the EU and Ukraine in stimulating the development of renewable energy is analyzed. Economic instruments that have become widespread in the EU are considered, namely, Feedin-Tariff, Feed-in-Premium, as well as systems of quotas and "green" certificates. An analysis of the effectiveness of these support tools was performed. It was found that EU countries are gradually abandoning support for the development of renewable energy in the form of Feed-in-Tariff and moving to more market-based support mechanisms, i.e., Feed-in-Premium and holding auctions for the distribution of support quotas. The advantages of the support mechanism in the form of auctions are shown, at the same time, certain problematic issues that may arise in case of poor design of auctions are indicated. It is noted that in order to achieve the effectiveness of the auction model of support for producers of "green" energy, it is necessary to introduce auction ceiling prices and ensure a high level of competition at auctions. Appropriate requirements for the financial capacity of bidders should be introduced as well as the duration of the project implementation period should be carefully selected. The state of affairs regarding the stimulation of the development of renewable energy in Ukraine was considered. It is emphasized that the introduction of the "green" tariff in Ukraine caused an increase in the share of renewable energy in the energy balance of the country, at the same time, due to the rapid development of renewable energy, the debts of the State Enterprise "Guaranteed Buyer" to the producers of "green" energy and problems with the balancing of the energy system arose. It is shown that in the near future it is planned, as in the EU member states, to more widely apply incentive tools that lead to competition between producers of "clean" energy and a reduction in the cost of renewable energy. It is noted that in Ukraine it is necessary to take into account modern global, in particular, European trends in stimulating the development of renewable energy and apply more diverse support mechanisms, for example, the spread of the practice of public-private partnership, flexible depreciation of capital investments in renewable energy, financial incentives for consumers to purchase equipment for generation of "green" energy, investment grants, etc.