СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЕДИНОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА БАЙКАЛЬСКОГО РЕГИОНА

Abstract

According to the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, the Irkutsk Region is assigned to the Angara-Yenisey Macroregion, and the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Territory are assigned to the Far Eastern Macroregion. However, in our opinion, when forming macro-regions, it is necessary to take into account not only the economic (production) component of infrastructure security, but also social, socio-demographic, socio-cultural and environmental. The object of the study is the Baikal macro-region as a unified socio-ecological-economic system. The subject of the study is the directions of strategic development of the macro-region, contributing to the increase in the connectivity of the macro-regional space. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in socio-environmental and economic development of the Baikal region and determine the main directions of integration of the Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk Region and the Transbaikal Region leading to an increase in the connectivity of the macro-regional space. In this study, the authors identify the Baikal Macroregion, which not only corresponds to the general principles of the formation of macroregions, but is also united by a specific mission assigned to its population – the need to preserve the unique Baikal ecosystem while ensuring a decent level and quality of life for people living in the Baikal natural territory. The barriers preventing the increase of connectivity of the macro-regional space currently include: pronounced regionalism and competition for external resources, low population size and density, the focal nature of the development of the territory, high corruption potential of almost any infrastructure project. In the context of digital transformation, it is necessary to establish an effective system of interregional interconnections and interaction both at the administrative and public levels, transforming traditional business models and forming networks of highly adaptive integrated companies implementing "smart" distributed production and uniting the socio-economic and ecological space of the Baikal macroregion. A promising area of cooperation could be the formation of interterritorial clusters in those areas of activity in which the regions have common interests and potential for development that does not cause (or minimize) damage to the Baikal ecosystem, namely in the agro-industrial complex, tourism and recreation and biotechnology