Щільність будови чорнозему опідзоленого за різних систем удобрення і обробітку

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of different fertilizer systems and tillage method on the structure density of the cultivated soil layer depending on the moisture of the strongly regraded chernozem in short crop rotations of different types in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Common — field, laboratory, mathematical, comparative. Results. A standardized structure density interval is determined for podzolized chernozem in short crop rotation. It varies in the range from 1.26–1.27 g/cm3 to 1.19–1.20 g/cm3 at 30% level and 1.17–1.18 g/cm3 for the upper typical value at the 10% level of statistical evaluation. At maximum compaction, a significant decrease in the density of the structure is fixed from the intensive fertilizer system (1.32 g/cm3) to the organic system (1.26 g/cm3). The difference in the structure density was 0.14 g/cm3; 0.12 and 0.10 g/cm3. The influence of the tillage method on the typical interval values of the density of the 0–20 cm soil layer structure: for plowing the typical interval for 50% value was 1.09–1.27 g/cm3, for surface tillage — 1.12–1.28 g/cm3. The density difference was 0.18 and 0.16 g/cm3. At the 10% level, the intervals were 1.04–1.34 and 1.07–1.37 g/cm3 with a density trend of 0.3 g/cm3 depending on the cultivation methods. The typical interval value of density in the 0–30 cm soil layer, regardless of the tillage system was in the optimal range of values: from 1.26–1.27 to 1.11–1.13 g/cm3 and from 1.33–1.35 up to 1.08–1.10 g/cm3 with a difference of 0.14–0.15 and 0.25 g/cm3, respectively for 50% and 10% levels of the detected density values. Conclusions. It was found that the parameters of structure density during plowing and surface tillage did not differ much in the interval values, which indicates that systematic surface tillage in grain crop rotation contributes to the steady improvement of the agrophysical condition of the soil, while heavily degraded podzolized chernozems tend to minimize tillage. The positive effect of the organic fertilizer system on soil compaction was revealed, and in combination with surface tillage in crop rotation more effective decomposition of humus horizon of chernozem is provided in comparison with plowing and intensive fertilization system.