БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБРАЗЦОВ ТОМАТА С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ СТЕПЕНЬЮ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТНОСТИ

Abstract

The research was carried out with the aim of studying new tomato varieties with a determinate bush type selected by Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing (VNIISSOK) and identifying samples with economically valuable traits for subsequent cultivation in plain and foothill conditions. Experimental work was carried out in Terek-Sulak subprovince of the Republic of Dagestan in 2021-2022. The material for the study was 8 semi-standard tomato varieties - Blagodatny, Viking, Voskhod VNIISSOK, Magnat, Severyanka, Sodruzhestvo, Perst, Patris, control - variety Fakel. The repetition is 3-fold, the area of the registration plot is 15 m2, the placement of options is systematic. We used the seedling method of growing tomatoes. Planting pattern 150×25 cm. The experiment was carried out on alluvial-meadow medium-salt soil. According to the timing of ripening, the samples were included in three groups: very early (97...100 days) – Severyanka, Blagodatny, Magnat, Voskhod VNIISSOK; early (102...105 days) – Patris, Viking, Perst; mid-early (111...114 days) – Commonwealth, Torch. All samples, except for the Viking variety, exceeded the control in total yield by 8.8...44.1 t/ha. The first group with a yield of 68.2...86.3 t/ha included Patris, Sodruzhestvo, Voskhod VNIISSOK, Blagodatny; in the second (51.0...54.5 t/ha) – Severyanka, Magnat, Perst; in the third (41.4...42.2 t/ha) – Viking, Torch. High-yielding varieties Patris, Blagodatny, Voskhod VNIISSOK were distinguished by the highest yield of marketable products, 91...92% of the total harvest. The weight of the fruit varied from 60 g (Perst) to 130 g (Sodruzhestvo). The varieties Patrice and Perst had very good keeping quality. The fruits were characterized by a high dry matter content of 5.3...6.4%. A weak spread of viral and mycoplasma diseases at a level of 0.7...1.0 points was observed on plants of the Blagodatny, Voskhod VNIISSOK, Perst, and Patris varieties. According to the type of bush, 5 ordinary and semi-standard samples with a height of no more than 72 cm were identified. - Patrice, Perst, Voskhod VNIISSOK, Blagodatny, Sodruzhestvo.