ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ КЛАСТЕРНИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ ТА В'ЄТНАМІ

Abstract

Comparative analysis of cluster instruments for economic development of Ukraine and Vietnam is carried out. The study showed that the absolute majority of the clusters operating in Ukraine have significant strategic gaps between strategic goals and resources for their implementation. In order to eliminate strategic gaps, a set of practical recommendations has been substantiated, which generally consists of the following main elements: inclusion in the current legislation of the concept of "innovative industrial cluster of the sixth technological order"; providing the subjects of such clusters with innovative tax benefits; provision of concessional lending for intra-cluster innovation projects. In terms of the effectiveness of the use of cluster instruments for economic development, Vietnam is significantly ahead of Ukraine. The highest efficiency of cluster development was achieved in Vietnam for fourteen of the sixteen positions we analyzed, and in Ukraine, the highest efficiency was not achieved for any position. For each of the ten cluster instruments of economic development that are not used in Ukraine, we substantiated the feasibility and effectiveness of their implementation in our state. In order to introduce each of the most important cluster instruments of economic development, an appropriate legislative framework should be created in Ukraine, as well as a system of by-laws for its practical implementation. Vietnam has been well done in the cluster industrial policy. To the end of 2020, there are 260 industrial parks in the whole country (besides, there are some industrial parks acquired licensing but not yet constructed or having planned but not yet approved). Hanoi plans to build 43 industrial clusters in 2021. To ensure efficient operation of industrial clusters, Hanoi would provide supporting policies for enterprises and business households relocating their operation into industrial clusters, while setting up a list of service fees for all industrial clusters in the city. Hanoi plans to further promote investment and higher occupancy rate in industrial clusters, gradually transforming the current management model towards greater efficiency in operation of industrial clusters.