Устойчивое развитие, «зеленая» трансформация и климатическая повестка: соотношение, подходы, институциональный инструментарий

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to reveal the basic principles of the «green» economy and «green» transformation or energy transition with reference to the ongoing change in technological structures in the context of the climate agenda and decarbonization. The result of the work carried out was the substantiation of the thesis that the theory of climate change is a tool for stimulating business to modernize production, develop and use new technologies on qualitatively new types of energy carriers and is aimed at generating financial sources for the energy transition. The reason for the policy of abandoning traditional fuels promoted by Western countries, despite their high efficiency, is increased attention to the environmental factor and the transition to a new technological structure. It is shown that «green» transformation requires significant costs and is unprofitable for countries with large reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials, which dominate the consumption structure. Such countries should be prudent in the use of non-traditional energy sources so as not to reduce the efficiency of the economy. The institutional tools for decarbonization of economic development are considered. The issues of forming sources of financing for technological modernization activities have been studied.