Дослідження кінематичних параметрів вібраційного лемеша картоплекопача з використанням комп’ютерної програми

Abstract

Statistical data show that a significant share of potatoes is grown in subsidiary farms in Ukraine, so there is a need for small-sized, efficient equipment. The level of agricultural culture directly depends on the degree of mechanization of small farms. The purpose of the work is to improve the design of a small-sized potato harvester while increasing the efficiency of its ploughshare. A new design of a vibrating ploughshare in the design of a small-sized potato digger is proposed, which differs from typical designs in that the crank is made in the form of a disk, in which a groove is made in the radial direction. The connecting rod connecting hinge is fixed in the groove at a given distance from the axis of rotation. This provides an opportunity to set the required crank size for driving the ploughshare. In addition, this type of diggers has the problem of significant vibrations. Therefore, the crank disk has concentrically made holes for fixing the counterweight for partial balancing. Another difference of the vibrating ploughshare is that the cutting blade with rod extensions that is secured on two pairs of hinge suspensions. The front hangers have a certain length and are hinged to the cutting blade. Rear pair of hinge suspensions has made adjusting holes in middle part for connection to frame. These suspensions are connected to each other by a crossbar in a rigid frame, in the middle of which is fixed a bracket with holes for connection with a crank. Such a ploughshare will make it easier to penetrate the soil, better self-cleaning, create a directed movement of the soil mass with potatoes and carry out primary separation more intensively. The kinematic movements of such a vibrating ploughshare are described using the method of closed vector contours, and the numerical implementation of the mathematical model is done using the author's computer program. Thus, the new design of the vibrating ploughshare of the potato digger can provide the necessary regulation in order to change the digging amplitude, create a directional movement of the soil and potato mass and increase the efficiency of separation, as well as the possibility of partial balancing of the dynamic system when using a counterweight. The kinematic parameters of the formed multipurpose mechanism are described by equations based on the method of closed vector contours. For the numerical implementation of the results and their visualization, as well as the determination of the rational parameters of the proposed mechanism, a special computer program has been developed, which enables the researcher to perform a search in an automated mode.